Comparison of Points of View on the War in Afghanistan

Compare and Contrast The war in Afghanistan is a constant focus for debate. There are those who believe that the United States is still doing a worthy effort in Afghanistan and that it is essential for the U. S. to keep a military presence there. On the other hand, there are the people that believe the United States can no longer achieve its goals if it continues to use military force. Authors Melanie Barton Zoltan and C. Ames Cushman argue both for and against the war in Afghanistan and the benefits each scenario can produce.Both authors focus on the structure of Afghanistan’s government, the involvement of Taliban and Al Qaeda on Afghanistan soil, and the effects the United States involvement would have on the women of Afghanistan. Both Zoltan and Cushman point out in their papers that controlling Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, does not really effect the government of the country. Zoltan argues that even with the Taliban removed from power in Kabul, they still hold consi derable power in Afghanistan.With Afghanistan’s lack of centralized government, the Taliban easily entrenched in the southern part of the country and began to rebuild their forces. As the United States attention moved to Iraq after the Taliban were removed from Kabul, they were easily able to form a foothold in other parts of Afghanistan. Zoltan points out that if the Unites States does not stay involved militarily, the Taliban will be able to regroup not only in Afghanistan but also in Afghanistan’s neighbor, Pakistan.Given enough time, Zoltan believes that the Taliban and any Al Qaeda associated with it will gain access to Pakistan’s nuclear weapons. Cushman argues that since the original objective of removing the Taliban from power has been achieved, the use of military force is no longer needed. He sees the mission now to be more of an educational mission if the United States really wants to create a new system of government. In Cushman’s paper, he de scribes the war as a war on the sharia law instead of a war on terrorism and that is not a commendable war to fight in a military way.If the United States keeps using military force as a way to achieve reconstruction of the government, than the Afghan people are going to keep turning to someone who thinks like they do, which would be the Taliban. Again, both authors admit that the Taliban are still a threat living in the Afghanistan outer borders. Zoltan believes that with the Taliban still established in Afghanistan, the United States cannot withdraw militarily. The risk is too great that the Taliban will regain control of all of Afghanistan and that once the US and NATO leave, Afghanistan will once again become a safe haven for terrorist groups.Zoltan also says that if the Taliban are able to regain Afghanistan, the Taliban in Pakistan will become bolder and even unite to create an even larger terrorist threat in the region. This will give the terrorists a great place to build str ength and launch attacks at the US and its allies. Cushman argues that the form of government in Afghanistan needs to be decided by the people of that country and it cannot be something decided by the United States. Even if the Taliban regain control of Afghanistan, it should be at the choice of the people.If the Taliban do make a comeback and take control without the support of the people, Cushman believes that it will not last because the Taliban has been weakened enough that they will not be able to sustain themselves. In both papers, women’s rights are addressed. Zoltan uses a section of a report by Physicians for Human Rights to show just how badly the women are treated in Afghanistan. She also gives statistics and other facts about how the women in Afghanistan used to be treated prior to the Taliban.She uses these to show that the United States really is doing well in Afghanistan for women’s rights and if the US were to pull out now, all that would be undone. Cus hman agrees that Sharia law is a harsh system of justice and that it discriminates against women. However, he says that is the way that Afghanistan is ruled and that the United States has no right to go and try to change this. He claims ‘It is important to step back and realize, however, that what we see as just and fair is just that – a â€Å"Western† notion, colored by our history, faith, and values. even the United States has not made an official statement saying that they are in Afghanistan to bring back women’s rights, and Cushman believes that until they do, this is no excuse for the US to stay in Afghanistan. In each author’s paper, the same topics were discussed but two points of view were shown. Zoltan showed in her paper that she was in favor of the United States military staying in Afghanistan because it provided the security from future terrorist organizations from using it as training ground.She also believed that it is provides a bette r situation for the people living in Afghanistan. Cushman shows that he does not support the involvement of the United States military in Afghanistan. He argues that it is a waste of time, money, and lives to keep fighting for something that will not last. The US cannot establish a sound government there and even if they did, the people of Afghanistan should have a right to select their own government.

Animal Behaviour Essay

Animals and their behaviour has been fascinating to behold and even more incredible to experience. Humans have been intrigued at how the most basic creatures can do the most complex things. Ethology or the scientific study of animal behaviour is responsible for numerous breakthroughs in the understanding of the animal world, and in turn the human one. Animal behaviour can range from being altruistic, to funny, to being lessons in teamwork and commitment. Dolphins have been observed to help sick or injured animals, swimming under them for hours at a time and pulling them to the surface so they can breathe. Male emperor penguins form a huddle during the cold and dark winter months where from tens to thousands of penguins lean on each other and gradually shift positions to obtain maximum warmth from the core of the huddle. Geese fly in a V formation as a flock to increase flight efficiency by 71% compared to one goose flying alone. Malaysian ants blow themselves up into a thousand bits of organic dust if they sense a threat to their colony. Elephants are known to mourn their dead. They stand around the body for days and pay respects to the dead elephant by touching their trunks to its body. Many animals, from earthworms to apes, are capable of learned behavior. They can alter their instinctive behavior by drawing on past experiences. With the help of technology, today scientists are able to find out much more about animal behaviour and the ways animals interact. If scientists in the Smithsonian can teach orangutans simple language using computers they can also find out if other animals think like humans. The knowledge they gain will help save wildlife and prevent endangered species from disappearing. So let’s hear it for the creepies and crawlies, the slimies and furries who have successfully learnt to establish and protect territories, find food and water, court, mate, reproduce, nurture their young, and play in a mind-boggling array of conditions far beyond our fragile human capacity. â€Å"God gave unto the animals wisdom past our power to see: Each knows innately how to live. Which we must learn laboriously†.

History J5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History J5 - Essay Example In Burkes political career, he mercilessly defended constitutional limitation of the Crowns authority. He ignored the religious persecution of Catholics in his native land of Ireland. He aired the grievances of Britains American colonies. He contributed in American Independence and vigorously followed the impeachment of Warren Hastings, who was the General Governor of British India, for abuse of power and corruption. In his Reflections, Burke stated that the French Revolution would come to an end in very damaging way because its abstract foundations, being rational, ignored the importance of human nature and society. French Revolution was caused by the following claims, Internal struggle for leadership and empire outstrips for financial resources of the state, Political misunderstanding between the Monarchy and the nobility, over the restart of the tax system that they claimed, led to poverty and bankruptcy. The enlightenment, that is the impulse for reform intensified political conflicts and reinforcing traditional aristocratic constitutionalism. The introduction of new ways of good government and the prestige of being popular sovereignty has also led to bankruptcy. The attack on the catholic regime and advantageous class by the Literary Underground of the broadening influenced the of public opinion. Social differences between two rising groups, the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie. Removal of the ineffective leader Luis, economic hardship, especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-1789, generated general discontent and disorders caused by food shortages. This reflection was written immediately after the French Revolution. Burke’s primary antirevolutionary book questioned the motives of the actors and warned against the removal of all, which would prove amazingly prophetic. Edmund Burke expressed his views against the French revolution by criticizing it. The first was the Constitutional Society Edmund criticized this by saying that

Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Planning - Essay Example What is the most important way to make a volunteer feel included? a. Trust b. Shaking hands c. Saying hello d. A compliment 2. Which of the following is not a good quality of a strategic plan? a. Decisive action b. Courage c. Leadership d. Aggression 3. We should always__all of our outcomes to the best of our ability. a. Forget b. Measure c. Ignore d. Hide Answers 1. a. Trust 2. d. Aggression 3. b. Measure The Strategic Plan A Strategic Plan is a predetermined course of action. It is made up of many different key players, elements, and challenges that can benefit any nonprofit management source. There are many approaches that can be used depending on the exact focus of the entire organization. â€Å"The specific size of the organization can also be a very important factor to consider when studying or designing any type of plan for the most efficient company possible† (Drucker, Peter F., p. 122). Compared to profit organizations, nonprofit companies are basically designed becau se they would not exist if it was not for the essential need. The service being offered from the nonprofit organizations are usually created out of the fundamental ethics of the creator or or founder. As the profit companies are usually made as a money generating system, the nonprofit organizations are made for service in hopes of creating enough money to continue the operation. â€Å"The nonprofit organization also hopes for as much agreement and compliance with all of its associations so they will completely understand the companies mission† (Gruber, Robert E.; Mohr, Mary.p. 109). Importance of Strategic Planning Strategic planning is always considered of the utmost importance to all nonprofit organizations. It is the basic and core plan that completely holds the entire organization together and gives it a support system for all of its employees. Without a basic strategic plan there is no possible way that any kind of organization can even attempt to survive as a growing co mpany in our nation. The plan is the foundation to everything the organization does and stands for. There is no if, and, or but to what is stated in the plan. A good plan will never allow for any corners to be cut and will be in complete acceptance with all of the members. If for any reason there is who disagrees with the plan, there will have to a major decision made to either resolve the matter on a personal level or to even revise the plan in more severe cases. â€Å"If no agreement can be reached there will have to be further measure to remove the disagreeing person from his position† (Hume, Craig; Hume, Margee, p. 98). Key Players to Implement the plan There are many key players in that are involved in implementing a solid plan for any company. To begin with there should be â€Å"strategic audits†, â€Å"portfolio management†, and â€Å"product line pruning†. â€Å"The basic program portfolio must always be managed as a totality, and never as indivi dual isolated programs† (Worth, Micheal J. p. 37). There should also always be a complex investigation method, analysis, and use of technique methods that are formally incorporated into the basic plan. These methods will be used to communicate the plan with any individual that will need to fully understand all of the details involved. In addition, there will also have to be many financial arrangements that can be made as simple as possible and arranged in a very neat format. â€Å"These key players should be made known, and should

The Beginning Of Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Beginning Of Civilization - Essay Example Native- Americans were not civilized before colonization by Europeans. As written by Vitalis, that Dodge played a vast role in separating Indians and whites. Dodge was part of the Indian Commissioners Board that ensured that Native Americans were evacuated from the lands. This was seen as a way of clearing the path for expansion towards the west as well as forcing the Indians to adopt a settled lifestyle. This, according to Vitalis, would lead to an eventual civilization of the Indians. Missionaries would introduce industrial arts, as well as the rudiments of writing and reading to enhance civilization. (Vitalis, 2007 pp38, 39)The Europeans also argued that the Native Americans did not have proper housing and that they had ‘heathen’ rituals. Other areas from which the Europeans came up with their conclusion was the Native Americans’ military tactics, governance, economies, and families. The English, by the 18th century, had specifically a way of ranking human soci eties in terms of their cultural complexity. They had the tendency of defining cultural complexity on the basis of economic terms.Native- Americans were not civilized before colonization by Europeans. As written by Vitalis, that Dodge played a vast role in separating Indians and whites. Dodge was part of the Indian Commissioners Board that ensured that Native Americans were evacuated from the lands. This was seen as a way of clearing the path for expansion towards the west as well as forcing the Indians to adopt a settled lifestyle. This, according to Vitalis, would lead to an eventual civilization of the Indians. Missionaries would introduce industrial arts, as well as the rudiments of writing and reading to enhance civilization. (Vitalis, 2007 pp38, 39)The Europeans also argued that the Native Americans did not have proper housing and that they had ‘heathen’ rituals. Other areas from which the Europeans came up with their conclusion was the Native Americans’ mi litary tactics, governance, economies, and families. The English, by the 18th century, had specifically a way of ranking human societies in terms of their cultural complexity. They had the tendency of defining cultural complexity on the basis of economic terms. The English concluded that hunting, as well as gathering, was the least complex basis of economies for societies. The herding of livestock, farming and lastly, the mixed economies of manufacturing, commerce, and agriculture followed suit. By this, they meant that the mixed economies characterized by commerce and agriculture were the most economically complex societies. Therefore, this portrayed cultural complexity too. Thus, the people who were ‘uncivilized’ and ‘heathen’ did not have an absolute title to the land they occupied. (Perdue and Green, 2007 p12)Â   Therefore, while forming the most comprehensive conclusion, according to these views by authors, thus, the Native Americans were not civilize d. Thus, it was the European colonization that changed them into a civilized society.

Provide an insight into the relative strengths and weaknesses of Essay

Provide an insight into the relative strengths and weaknesses of internal and external recruitment - Essay Example sed to legally get hold of an adequate number of qualified individuals at the right place and time so that the people and the organization can select each other in their interests. This means that the recruitment process gives the organization a number of potentially qualified job candidates from which employers can make well judged selection to fill available jobs (Dessler, 2002). Recruitment might be carried out through internal or external sources. In instances when internal recruitment does not generate the number or quality of staff needed, the organization has to recruit from external sources (Community for human resource management, 2008). Internal recruitment is recruitment which takes place in the organization. It is the hunt for in-house personnel who have the skills and attitudes to accomplish the requirements needed and to facilitate the organization attain its goals.  Internal vacancies can be promoted within the business through staff notice boards, intranets (website whose viewing is limited to the organizations members), in-house magazines, newsletters and staff meetings. In case of internal recruitment, employees are transferred from one department to another based on their competence and knowledge. The can also be promoted from one department to another with additional benefits and greater responsibility according to his or her competence and skill. This can be done through job postings which is advertising a vacant position to employees and mentioning its requirements. Upgrading or demotions are another example of internal recruitment. Retired and retrenched employees may also be recruited once again if there is a scarcity of competent personnel or the work load increases. Recruitment of such individuals saves time and costs of the organization as they are previously conscious of the organizational set up and the regulations. The dependents and relatives of deceased employees and disabled employees are also employed by numerous organizations

Economic Reform of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic Reform of China - Essay Example This leads to economic growth of 10% annually. By adopting a mixed economy China is leading successfully. The Government of china has retain strong control over investments and allowed a limited private competition. This results in removing the deficiencies of capitalism and communism. Those countries which follow free trade and non liberal path, dominates the economy like China. The China's success proof is its GDP statistics. Since 1978, the GDP has been double digits. However this progress has lead to number of challenges China is facing nowadays. These are financial crisis world wide, incompetent banking system, over reliance on exports, inflationary pressures, widening income inequalities etc. In order to create a harmonious society, China Government has to over come these issues. Furthermore trade and foreign investment plays a dramatic role in this revolution. The trade of goods has double so far. Large trade surplus, direct flow of foreign investments and heavy purchases of foreign currency makes China the biggest foreign currency reservoir holder. Two factors contributed tremendously to the growth of economy in China. One is Heavy Capital investment either by domestic savings or by foreign investments. And second factor is quick yield growth. This revolution leads higher effectiveness which improves the output. The result is increased resources for extra investments in the economy. Moreover China has a higher rate of saving, as most Chinese has saved a lot by producing profit from State owned enterprises. As a result savings as percentage to GDP has raised tremendously upto 50% which is highest rate in the world. Another factor which plays a major role in this revolution in China is Productivity gains. The enhancement in output is because of allocation of resources to the productive uses specially trade, services and agriculture sectors. The government authorities were allowed to establish various enterprises on market rules. Direct Foreign Investments with its new technologies boosted the economy as well. DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN CHINA: The major factor for China's economic growth is Direct Foreign Investments. China's FDI usage has expanded from $636 million to $75 billion by the end of 2007.Manufacturing is the major part of the economy where larger portion of FDI are utilized. Almost 55% of total FDI is consumed up for manufacturing which leads 610,000 companies to flourish and almost 28 million people will be engaged by these firms. CHINA TRADE PATTERNS: China becomes the trading power in result of economic revolution. Chinese exports were $1218 billion by the end of 2007 and its imports were $956 billions. China has grown dramatically during past years with average annual growth rate is 29%. Imports over this

Elements of Religious Traditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Elements of Religious Traditions - Essay Example For example in the case of Judaism there are two forms of Torah, one is verbal and the other one is written. The Torah that is available in written form has been recognized as Tanakh or even named as the Hebrew Bible. The oral form of Torah has even been found in written form in the shape of Talmud which is a written commentary. On the other hand several religions that are indigenous in nature have not created a written format of their oral teachings. Similarly there are certain religions who do not follow any form of written text or tradition and their religious traditions are found in oral form and have been transferred from one generation to another in that form. The complexity of the verbal traditions is much harder to interpret and understand. Religious Traditions Say The second major issues in the study of religious traditions are to identify what particular teachings or particular stories and texts of a particular religion are trying to teach their members. The issue in identi fying what a particular teaching is trying to convey to its members is whether the teaching is a standard doctrine or a particular teaching is just a myth and have been handed down from one religion to another in verbal manner. What are religious teaching is trying to convey to its followers has certain functions. ... In certain teachings, this has been stated in quite an explicit manner. For example: in the case of religion of Shinto that is practiced in Japan, the birth of Islands in Japan are explained as a divine couple in which Izanagi and Izanami stirred up the floor of the ocean with the assistance of the trident of heaven and the drippings that were an outcome of this activity are recognized as the Islands of Japan (Ashkenazi, 2003, p.173). Their religion further states that the people living in Japan are the descendents of these beings that are semi-divine in nature. Religious Traditions Does The issue of what a particular religious teaching does for its members depends on the themes. One of the themes that religious traditions focus upon is the rituals and behaviors that an individual has to carry out throughout his/her life. These traditions teach their followers about the behaviors they are expected to exhibit as child, adult and as they become seniors. Religious teachings help individ uals throughout different transitions. For example: the vision quest that is a part of the people of Lakota is a story of how Lakota lived as a boy and then as an adult and these teachings inform its members that this is the right way of living their lives and this way will help them experience prosperity. Another major issue related to religious traditions is how these teachings operate to provide its followers with the complete access to what is considered as sacred. For example: In Christianity, winter marks the birth of their God and Christians celebrate this season in shape of Christmas. Religious Traditions Organizes The last issue that a religious tradition sorts to solve is how a particular religion is involved in the process of organizing its leadership. These

Mobile communication channel and benefits to consumers in the 21st Dissertation

Mobile communication channel and benefits to consumers in the 21st century - Dissertation Example es and trade press conducted and published (Manninen 2004; Taulavuori 2005; Salmela 2004; Karjaluoto & Leppaniemi 2005; Barnes 2002; Leppaniemi & Karjaluoto 2005; and Salo and Tahtinen 2005). Mobile communication channels is being viewed as the next frontier in achieving customer relation as mobile phone companies seek to market themselves through the mobile devises (Barnes and Scornavacca 2004; Facchetti et al. 2005; Denk & Hackl 2004; Kalakota and Robinson 2002; Varshney 2003; and Wang and Wang 2005). For the mobile phone manufacturers, it is not just a matter of providing a hand held device but ensuring that they provide a device that is able to provide various related benefits such as instant connectivity, increased convenience, and personalization of services. Phone manufacturers have to ensure that their devices are able to meet user's needs, such as provision of a platform that is able to support, m-commerce applications and other applications that is able to provide them with unforgettable experience. Despite the fact that increased studies have shown the benefits of mobile commercial communication, most businesses have not been able to recognise the importance of ensuring that their mobile devises are integrated with mobile communication devices that can help increase their client base and hence increased profitability. This research is intended to provide a platform for mobile phone manufacturer and users especially those that hope to increase their relationship on the business to consumer relation to be able to recognise the mobile devises produced are able to provide increased benefits to consumers and as a result, increase sales of their products and services and hence profitability. 1.1Research Objectives The main objective of the research is to help...Mobile device market is growing at a phenomenon pace. By the year 2008, Apple sold 4 million iPhones a figure, that was translated to almost 20,000 iPhones sold every day. At the same time, it was r eported that by the year ending 2007, the total percentage of web browsing on iPhone was at 0.12% of all browsing in the market. Apple’s iPhone has changed the game for many users browsing the web on a mobile device. Web developers can now create functionally rich and visually appealing applications that run within the iPhone’s version of the Safari Mobile web browser. As shown in the chart below, in the year 2012, according to International Data Corporation (IDC), in their worldwide mobile phone tracker survey, Apple has become the third largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world. This was attributed to the company’s strong launch of the iPhone 4S was listed as the primary reason that the company leapfrogged over competitors LG and ZTE in the fourth quarter of 2011. Nokia still retained its spot as the leader in mobile phone shipments due to its worldwide distribution and manufacturing presence, with Samsung emerging as the number two manufacturer, with its Android smartphone line and new Windows Phone smartphones helping the company sell more than 300 million phones in 2011. Other mobile phones that dominated included Korean LG and Chinese vendor ZTE. More significantly increase in sales was witnessed with most of the consumers, moving from low-cost feature phones to increasingly powerful smartphones that include Android and Windows Ph one-powered smartphones.

The Plight of the African-American Male Today Speech or Presentation

The Plight of the African-American Male Today - Speech or Presentation Example For African-American women, this means not being able to rely on an African-American man to partner in a stable relationship (Mechoulan, 2010). So they cast a wider net as they attempt to seduce a number of males in the hope that at least one will live up to the ideal. The result is disloyalty from both parties, and the consequence is children born out of wedlock to unknown fathers. The State picks up the slack with government housing, cash, and food for single mothers (Raphael, 2004), but the story does not end there. African-American culture seems to be compromise to some extent by ideals represented in the hip-hop/rap culture The African-American community suffers from consequences of the excessive incarceration rate of males. Having been effectively ostracized from many decent jobs and being without fatherly guidance much of their lives, many African-American males seek respite in illegal enterprises (Raphael, 2004). The street gang becomes the institution that fulfills their needs of both male influence and income. Drugs and violence become the order of the day, and many end up in jail as a result. This is one way the cycle of unemployment and poverty feeds the plight of the African-American community at large.

Motivating Culturally Diverse Workforce in an Organization Essay Example for Free

Motivating Culturally Diverse Workforce in an Organization Essay Culturally Diverse Workforce in an Organization Muhammad Junaid Murshed Southern New Hampshire University Abstract In this research paper, I will be discussing some of the methods that may be used to effectively motivate a culturally diverse workforce in an organization. At first, I will present a brief introduction to motivation, some of the well-known motivational theories and cultural diversity. Then, I will look into a few reasons for demotivation among the workforce of an organization, followed by some of the distinguished and effective motivational techniques that may be utilized to ascertain and/or deal with the same, citing real-life examples. Finally, I will conclude the paper with a brief summary of the key points discussed in the paper together-with a personal opinion about the effectiveness of the motivational methods discussed above. â€Å"Motivation is defined as the desire to achieve a goal or a certain performance level, leading to goal-directed behavior† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 97). As can be seen from the above statement motivation may be directly linked to performance. Although the direct correlation, motivation alone may not be sufficient to elicit the desired result. This is so, as, it (motivation) usually is influenced by factors such as an individual’s ability (p. 97) to perform the task and the resources available (p. 97) to him/her to aid in achieving the objective(s). â€Å"Culture refers to values, beliefs, and customs that exist in a society† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 40). â€Å"Diversity refers to the ways in which people are similar or different from each other† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 9). The world consists of various different cultures (p. 40) entailing a diverse (p. 29) population base i. e. in terms of age, gender, race, religion, physical abilities etc. Therefore, motivating (p. 97) individuals require understanding their descent first, as, it is most likely to influence the dominant need in their personality. With the passing of time many scientists, philosophers and psychologists have developed various theories to explain and enhance an individual’s motivational level. For the purpose of my research paper, I will be focusing on some of it, namely, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (p. 00), the ERG theory (p. 101), the two-factor theory, the acquired-needs theory (p. 102) and the self-determination theory to base my comparisons and/or conclusions to cultural diversity. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs â€Å"The theory is based on a simple premise: Human beings have needs that are hierarchically ranked. There are some needs that are basic to all human beings, and in their absence nothing else matters. As we satisfy these basic needs, we start looking to satisfy higher order needs† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 99). Physiological needs: â€Å"The need for air, food, and water† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 100). Safety needs: â€Å"The need to be free from danger and pain† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 100). Social needs: â€Å"The needs of bonding with other human beings, being loved, and forming lasting attachments with them† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 100). Esteem needs: â€Å"The desire to be respected by one’s peers, feel important, and be appreciated† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 100). Self-actualization need: â€Å"The need to become all you are capable of becoming† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 00). ERG theory â€Å"ERG theory, developed by Clayton Alderfer, is a modification of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Instead of the five needs that are hierarchically organized, Alderfer proposed that basic human needs maybe grouped under three categories, namely, existence, relatedness, and growth† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 101). Existence: â€Å"A need corresponding to Maslow’s physiological and safety needs† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 101). Relatedness: â€Å"A need corresponding to Maslow’s social needs† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 101). Growth: â€Å"A need referring to Maslow’s esteem and self-actualization† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 101). Two-factor theory â€Å"By asking individuals what satisfies them on the job and what dissatisfies them, Herzberg came to the conclusion that aspects of the work environment that satisfy employees are very different from aspects that dissatisfy them† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 101). Acquired-needs theory â€Å"According to this theory, individuals acquire three types of needs as a result of their life experiences. These needs are the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power. All individuals possess a combination of these needs, and the dominant needs are thought to drive employee behavior† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 102). Self-determination theory â€Å"Self-Determination Theory (SDT) represents a broad framework for the study of human motivation and personality. SDT articulates a meta-theory for framing motivational studies, a formal theory that defines intrinsic and varied extrinsic sources of motivation, and a description of the respective roles of intrinsic and types of extrinsic motivation in cognitive and social development and in individual differences†. Bibliography: 1. Bauer T. Erdogan B. (2010) Demographic Diversity. Organizational Behavior, 29. 2. Bauer T. Erdogan B. (2010) Cultural Diversity. Organizational Behavior, 40. 3. Bauer T. Erdogan B. (2010) Theories of Motivation. Organizational Behavior, 97. 4. Bauer T. Erdogan B. (2010) Theories of Motivation: Need-Based Theories of Motivation. Organizational Behavior, 100-102. 5. Self-Determination Theory: An Approach to Human Motivation Personality. Retrieved from http://www. selfdeterminationtheory. org/theory

Prose Study Coursework Essay Example for Free

Prose Study Coursework Essay In chapters 13 and 14 of the novel Treasure Island, through use of different literary techniques such as animal imagery, similes, metaphors, assonance and many more, Stevenson achieves a sense of foreboding as to what will happen later in the novel, dropping hints here and there. These chapters are important because the crew of the Hispaniola, including Lon John Silver and Jim Hawkins, have just landed on the island, and are about to set off in search off the buried treasure. We can even get a sense of foreboding from the island itself as it is seen to be gloomy and mysterious, and this does not bode well for the adventure ahead. We can find foreboding through the authors use of similes and metaphors in the chapters. Spires of naked rock, is a way of saying the rocks are very tall and imposing, as well as exposed. This is scary as just reading the exerpt creates a dark atmosphere, and it paves the way for the future of the novel. This is achieved by use of dark colours, and naked implies that after Jim has escaped there is nowhere that he can hide, because everyone can see everything. This creates the effect on the reader of sadness, as they really feel for Jim, as he is trapped on the island with those monsters. Jim also gives away hints towards the future events of Treasure Island when he says my heart sank when he realises what he has done in sneaking ashore with the pirates away from people he knows he can trust and this shows his disappointment. Jims downbeat mood portrays a bad effect to the reader, and they start to feel for Jim, as bad things obviously loom later in the novel, for instance, the planned mutiny of Long John Silver, and how if successful, Jim and his comrades will be doomed, and Jims capture by the pirates. The quotation hung over the anchorage is used to create a bad air and produce fearful images in your mind. Foreboding is shown because there is obviously a bad atmosphere on board, symbolising the planned mutiny of Long John Silver, and the good hands on board are of course fretting over what to do. Clouds of birds conveys to the reader the image of a deep mass of birds, and when there is a lot of something, especially animals that are making lots of noise, can strike fear in to people. This can give us an insight into what may happen later because birds are good at sensing danger, and quickly fly away if anything unsettles them. If they are very disturbed and are hanging over the ship, then surely the mutiny must be destined to happen, and the crew must have to face the wrath of Long John Silver. Through animal imagery we can get a sense of fear such as crawling on all fours when Jim is near Long John Silver and he is crouching when he has run away from Silver and does not want to be seen. This shows us what may happen later in the novel because it shows Jim is scared of Long John Silver and Silver is not really a very good person, and is planning bad things later in the novel. Agile as a monkey when used to describe Silver is showing him in a bad light, because he is deceiving everyone by hobbling around everywhere with his wooden leg, however, when he is out of view of the captain he is very quick and has lots of agility, which shows appearances can be deceptive and this confirms to us that he is planning a mutiny and other evil activities on the return leg of the journey, behind the other crew members backs. We can also get a sense of foreboding by one of the good mens reactions when he is faced with Silver and does not to be involved in the mutiny. Like a horse at the spur shows the unconverted crew member faced with Long John is very startled by the scream, and he immediately suspects Long John Silver and wants to get away because he knows Long John is starting the process of whittling down the numbers of good men on board to make the future mutiny much easier. Through the quotation crouching trees, when Jim is lost in the woods, we get a sense that Jim is trapped and is enclosed by the trees which seem alive, which is a good example of personification. This creates a sense of what may happen in the future as everything so far has had a bad feeling about it, and it can only be a matter of time before something happens. Would not the first of them who saw me wring my neck like a snipes? Fear is created by the rhetorical question and the use of animal imagery, and we feel a sense of sorrow for Jims dire situation. It gives us a premonition that later in the novel if the pirates catch Jim he will be killed straight away. We can decipher what will happen in the immediate future of the novel when Stevenson says Silverwas watching his companion like a snake about to spring. This shows Silver is a conniving, cunning creature, which will do anything to get the treasure, even kill one of his own. As well as this, in the bible, snakes are seen as evil, such as in the Garden of Eden, and people were very religious back then. Also, we now know that Tom will be killed sooner rather than later because snakes dont waste time, and once they have their target, they rarely fail, so this is a clever way of Robert Louis Stevenson building up to Long John Silver committing the murder. Fear imagery can be created using powerful adjectives and can also give us a strong sense of foreboding, through colours used, and words commonly associated with fear. In grey melancholy woods, and wild stone spires, the words grey and melancholy are commonly associated with apprehension, and we get a view to future events because the island in the readers mind is terrifying and forbidding, and Jim has to endure this to escape capture, however, bad images are everywhere, provoking the reader to imagine terrible things happening to Jim on the isle, such as his eventual capture by the pirates, and his life threatening encounter with Israel Hands, in which, he is just successful. Through the citation the outline of the Spy-glass trembled through the haze, we get fear from trembled, because not only is it an imposing land mass, it also is surrounded by a mist, and appears to move. Jim knows he must pass close to this monster of a mountain if he is to succeed on his quest, and it means he has the evil, obsessed pirates on one side, and a sinister peak in front, he is certain to encounter them on his travels, and the chances are, face the consequences. Then one horrid, long-drawn scream is an example of fear imagery because you can imagine a high pitched scream, and the reader sees him or herself in Jims position, alone on a desert island, and is also scared. The assonance of the oo and a slows down the action and gets us to feel and imagine the scream. This shows foreboding because the allies of Jims and his alliance are being whittled down, and in the future there will be only a few remaining. The novel can also show us the imminent events through the use of assonance and consonance. Assonance (the repetition of vowels) is given in should I dare to go down to the boats among those fiends, still smoking from their crime? The way the o sound is repeated many times, and how the sentence flows off the tongue, gives a constant reminder throughout the sentence of the fear that Jim faces, and the decisions he is required to make. In the future, does Jim return to the pirates in hope of a return to the ship, but face Silvers wrath, or does he journey on into the centre of the island in hope of survival, and we know that in the end, the hero Jim ends up in both of these positions, but the reader does not know this and is left guessing. To demonstrate the use of assonance, the sentence what if I returned to the boats and the fiends, still shadowed by their crimes is nowhere near as effective, and creates only a pinch of the fear found in Stevensons actual work. Assonance is also fou nd in a very obvious place. The o sound is repeated in Long John, which is terrifying, as we know he is a main character who is also very evil, and it will be a constant reminder through the future of the novel as to his plans and his traits and the threat he poses. Consonance (the repetition of consonants) can also be found frequently in chapters 13 and 14 and can show us foreboding. In only the rustle of the redescending birds and the boom of the distant surges disturbed the languor of the afternoon, the repetition of r gives the section of text a fear effect along with the good adjectives, because overall, it is speeded up, and creates more of a fast paced action. Also, the atmosphere is affected by the use of onomatopoeia in rustle and boom. Again, an insight is achieved as through the use of effective adjectives and consonance, we see that not all is well on Skeleton Island. Skeleton Island itself suggests fear, as skeletons are a symbol of death and forbidding, and you would be wise to stay away from them. Combining fear adjectives with consonance is also found in a smell ofrotting tree trunks. The use of an ellipsis shows that Jim is thinking and he must recognise the smell from somewhere before. The repetition of r along with rotting creates a sense of fear of the trees, and this is also alliteration, and Jim and the reader begin to think that the island and everything on it must be similar to the experiences here. Through repetition, Stevenson achieves fear, and allows the reader to generate a better image in their mind, as well as emphasising his point further. Of all the gloomy features of that gloomy afternoon, is an example of this. When the author/Jim repeats gloomy, it repeats the fact that the place is gloomy, which is an adjective commonly associated with darkness and fear, so it is stressing that everything is not going well. There is also time left in the day, and other bad things may happen, for instance, Jim running into a trap set by Long John Silver, or the good side being forced out of the stockade by the pirates, and this could just be the beginning. As well as all these things, the repetitions also create a sense of dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½jà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ vu, and that people are going round in circles and they are lost, and all for the treasure, which is the main focus of the novel. Another literary technique that the author uses is alliteration. The sun still shining mercilessly. This is personification, and the consecutive letter s at the start of each word, along with an adjective that is connected with fear and evil created the illustration of the sun being evil, all seeing, and it seems to have deserted the good side, and just seems to be causing more heartache, as they lose the stockade, and the pirates get on the trail of the buried treasure. The overall theme of the chapters generates a sense of foreboding just by itself, because they are to do with pirates and a treasure hunt, and everyone knows that this kind of story is almost certain to have twists and turns later. I also think Jim how Jim goes off by himself into the forest shows he is developing from a boy into a brave young man. Through the use of colours in his writing, Stevenson also creates both a sense of fear and foreboding. Long John Silver is an example of this because Silver is a shade of grey, which is a colour associated with grim things and fear, and it shows foreboding because, if a person is named like this, he must be a character that is planning, or will partake in evil things at some point in the novel. The author also uses black I black conscience to describe Lon g John, as he can kill all these people, and not have them on his mind for the rest of his life, and not feel guilty. In conclusion, I think that the literary techniques used in chapters 13 and 14, are very effective in showing how, or giving hints as to how events may unfold in the latter stages of the novel, as they get closer to the treasure and the race hots up. As I have shown earlier I in my essay, Robert Louis Stevenson uses a great variety of different methods to get his points across, and he is very clever in using some techniques and how they foreshadow events easy to find, however, some you have to search for, and rack your brain to understand how they show foreboding, such as the use of assonance and alliteration. Example, should I dare to go down to the boats among those fiends, still smoking from their crime? Yes, the excellent adjectives help create fear which in turn introduces foreboding, but I had to search for it. My final verdict is that Robert Louis Stevenson is an immensely clever writer, and the way he gets the reader to think is amazing, and through close language analysis, we can see that chapters 13 and 14 are very clear in predicting character development and how events will pan out in the novel.

Analysis of Healthcare Models

Analysis of Healthcare Models The biomedical and social model for health The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion VicHealth and VicHealth funded projects Many models of health exist thorough out the world. When a government or organisations is determining the most appropriate model to implement factors such as cost, ability to achieve desired outcomes and feasibility must be considered. The models of healthcare that play the largest role in the health of Australians are the biomedical and social models of health. The biomedical model of health The biomedical model of health focusses on optimum physical health for individuals. This model focusses on diagnosis and treatment of health conditions, with the goal of returning people to their pre-condition healthy state. This model relies heavily on hospitals, pharmaceuticals and medical technology to achieve this goal and is an expensive model. The biomedical model is widely accepted and forms the basis of health care throughout the western world. Advantages and disadvantages of the biomedical model of health Advantages Increases populations life expectancy as treatments advance Effective at treating common problems and returning people to a healthy state Can lead to advances in medical technology Can improve the quality of life for people with chronic conditions via medications etc. Disadvantages Use of advanced medical technology and the health system to diagnose and treat conditions is costly for governments Does not address factors that lead to the development of particular health conditions Not all health conditions can be cured, however they can often be managed via behaviour modification which this model does not consider Paying for medications and treatment via the biomedical approach can be expensive for individuals The social model of health The social model of health focusses on influences that can lead to poor health. It aims to improve health and wellbeing by directing efforts towards addressing social, economic and environmental determinants of health. Instead of an individual approach, this model focusses more broadly on communities and populations in an attempt to promote optimal health. There are five key principles to the social model of health: Addresses the broader determinants of health Factors such as gender, socioeconomic status, culture, physical environment, education and ethnicity can influence the health of people. The social model of health looks beyond the biological determinants and focuses on how health and wellbeing can be influenced by such broader determinants. Acts to reduce social inequities Quality of healthcare, access and use of healthcare should be equal across all groups in the community. The social model of health acts to ensure socioeconomic status, gender, race, locality or physical environment do not reduce equity. Empowers individuals and communities When people gain increased control over decisions and actions influencing their health they become empowered. The social model of health acts to empower and this may occur through increased health knowledge and can happen on an individual basis or collectively as a community. Acts to enable access to healthcare Health care and health information should be accessible and affordable to meet peoples needs. Social determinants that can influence this access include socioeconomic status, cultural barriers and education levels. The social model assists to lower such barriers to enable access to health care. Involves intersectorial collaboration The government, non-government organisations and the private sector should work in a partnership to address the broader determinants that influence individuals health. Greater community health has positive implications for all sectors and collaboration should be sought between such groups. Acronyms are often a handy way to remember much of the knowledge covered in the HHD course. The acronym AREAS or IDEAR may be used to remember the principles of the social model of health. AREAS Addresses Reduce Empowers Acts interSectorial IDEAR Intersectorial Determinants Empowers Access Reduce Closing the gap campaign demonstrating the principles of the social model of health. Since 2006, Australias peak Indigenous and non-Indigenous health bodies, NGOs and human rights organisations have worked together to achieve health and life expectation equality for Australias Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This is known as the Close the Gap Campaign. The Close the Gap Campaign partners have developed targets to support the achievement of Indigenous health equality over many areas. Key targets include those to support: significant reductions in the rates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander death and illness from diseases and chronic conditions; the delivery of the necessary primary health care services for health equality to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, particularly by Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services; big improvements to housing (so that it supports good health) in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities; a dramatic increase in the availability of fresh and healthy food supplies in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities; and significant reductions in the rate of smoking among Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders. The Closing the gap campaign reflects the principles of the social model of health in the following ways: Addresses the broader determinants of health: The program is attempting to address determinants such as behavioural practices, such as healthy food consumption, and social influences, such as housing, that impact on the health of indigenous people. Acts to reduce social inequities: Social inequalities such as access to healthcare are being addressed in this program. Empowers individuals and the community: Providing an increase in the availability of fresh and healthy food supplies, allows individuals and communities the choice to engage in health behaviour. In conjunction with education regarding the benefits of these foods, this program will attempt to empower people so they feel they have control over their health. Acts to enable access to healthcare: Increasing access to primary healthcare services, including delivery of these services by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders where possible, reduces barriers that may prevent indigenous people from achieving optimal levels of health.- Involves intersectorial collaboration: In this campaign government and non-government organisations are working together and therefore there is the ability to influence a broad range of social factors that influence indigenous health. Other programs that are based on the social model of health include the Swap it, Dont stop it initiative, the Quit campaign and the SunSmart program. A progressive society, such as Australias, does not choose to use either the biomedical model of health or the social model of health, but incorporate both approaches to strive for optimal levels of health within their population. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion One of the most significant contributions to the evolution of Public Health occurred at the First International Conference on Health Promotion held in Ottawa, Canada in 1986. Stemming from the social model of health this conference saw the development of The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. The Ottawa Charter is a framework to assist governments and organisations around the world when developing health promotion strategies. The Ottawa Charter recognises that in order for health gains to occur the following basic conditions and resources must be available: Peace Shelter Education Food Income A stable eco-system Sustainable resources Social justice and equity The Ottawa Charter also outlines that the following three basic prerequisites are the foundation for health promotion: Advocate Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural and biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to it. Health promotion action aims at making these conditions favourable through advocacy for health. Enable Health promotion focuses on achieving equity in health. Health promotion action aims at reducing differences in current health status and ensuring equal opportunities and resources to enable all people to achieve their fullest health potential. Mediate Health promotion demands coordinated action by all concerned: by governments, by health and other social and economic sectors, by nongovernmental and voluntary organization, by local authorities, by industry and by the media. Professional and social groups and health personnel have a major responsibility to mediate between differing interests in society for the pursuit of health. Priority / Action Areas of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion When health promotion strategies and programs are devised by governments or organisations there is the intent to achieve various health outcomes. The following priority or action areas are recommended for use by The Ottawa Charter for creating a health promotion program. Not all areas need be addressed in every strategy. Build Healthy Public Policy This action area asks governments and organisational policy makers to be aware of the health consequences of their decisions and to accept their responsibilities for health. Policies that involve taxation and legislation can influence the behaviours of individuals, leading to either positive or negative influences on health. For example a legislation that prevents people from smoking indoors at a restaurant, can then make it easy for a family to decide to go out for dinner and not put the health of their family members at risk. Health promotion encourages health to be on the agenda for policy makers in all sectors and all levels. Create Supportive Environments This action area recognises the link between health and our societal and natural environment. Changing patterns of life, work and leisure have a significant impact on health. Work and leisure should be a source of health for people. The way society organises work should help create a healthy society. Health promotion generates living and working conditions that are safe, stimulating, satisfying and enjoyable. Protecting natural and built environments and conserving natural resources is an important part of health promotion given the influence they can have on maintaining health. For example, work places that have natural lighting and fresh air support the health of their staff. Strengthen Community Actions This action area recognises that community participation in setting priorities and making decision on the direction of health matters can lead to empowerment. When a community feels like its voice is being heard this can lead to increased participation and engagement in health promotion activities. For the community to draw on its human and material resources to promote good health it requires access to information, learning opportunities and funding support. Develop Personal Skills To increase options for people to exercise more control over their health personal and social development needs to occur. Providing information, education and opportunities for skill development whether that be at school, home, work or in the community will allow for learning and development of personal skills to occur. Reorient Health Services This action area recognises the need for the health promotion message to be shared amongst more than doctors and hospitals it needs to be shared among individuals, community groups and governments also. For example, if new medical knowledge exists regarding limiting the prevalence of childhood obesity, medical staff should be encouraged to share this information at community forums and via school visits. SunSmart program demonstrating the Ottawa Charter priority / action areas. Cancer Council Victoria  and the  Victorian Health Promotion Foundation  first funded SunSmart in 1988 in Victoria.Since inception the program has prevented more than 100,000 skin cancers and saved thousands of lives making it one of the most successful programs in Australia. Today  SunSmart is a multi-faceted program recognised for providing leadership and innovation in ultraviolet radiation (UV) protection. Programs operate in each state and territory of Australia by respective Cancer Councils, all using common principals but tailored to jurisdictional priorities.  The sun protection message is currently  Slip! Slop! Slap! Seek! Slide! SunSmart seeks to influence individual sun protection behaviours, those with responsibilities for protecting others and broader environmental change. SunSmart also aims to promote and improve the awareness of a balanced approach to UV exposure and the link with  vitamin D. Building Health Public Policy: The program is an advocate for change and implementation of SunSmart recommendations in schools , workplaces and local government areas. Create Supportive Environment: Encouraging schools, workplaces and governments to provide shaded areas for people when they are outdooea creates an environment that supports the SunSmart approach. Strengthen Community Actions:By working with various groups in the community, such as early childhood centres and sporting clubs, to reduce UV exposure the program is reducing the risk of skin cancer. Develop Personal Skills: The Slip, Slop, Slap, Seek, Slide advertising campaign is teaching people strategies to decrease their risk of developing skin cancer. Reorient Health Services: Working with a variety of groups and individuals across the health sector improves knowledge and skills that people have for reducing UV exposure. Other programs that incorporate the Ottawa Charter priority / action areas include the Swap it, Dont stop it initiative, the Quit campaign and the Closing the gap campaign. An acronym to assist remembering the first word of each Ottawa Charter action area is Bad Cats Smell Dead Ratsà ¢. VicHealth The Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, more commonly referred to as VicHealth was established in 1987 and works in partnership with organisations, communities and individuals to make health a central part of daily living. The focus of VicHealth is primarily on health promotion and prevention of health conditions for Victorians. VicHealth does not implement programs but advocates and financially support health promotion initiatives. The mission of VicHealth is to build the capabilities of organisations, communities and individuals in ways that: change social, economic, cultural and physical environments to improve health for all Victorians; strengthen the understanding and the skills of individuals in ways that support their efforts to achieve and maintain health. The mission of VicHealth guides the selection of the organisations strategic priorities, which reflect the Tobacco Act 1987 and are founded on principles of equity. The priorities for focus in the VicHealth strategic framework are: Reducing smoking Improving nutrition Reducing harm from alcohol Increasing physical activity Increasing social and economic participation Reducing harm from UV exposure. VicHealth reflects the social model of health by participating in business activities that draw on the Ottawa Charter. Health promotion actions that VicHealth are involved in are activities that: Create and use knowledge acquired through research and evaluation. Create environments that foster good health. Encourage the development of systems that support and sustain health. Communicate about priority health issues. Develop communities which are inclusive, accessible, equitable and safe. Support organisations to plan, implement and evaluate health promotion activity. Facilitate participation and skill development. Contribute to, and advocate for, healthy public policy and regulation. VicHealth also reflects the social model of health via its Key Result Areas (KRA). These are the targets they have set for the organisation over a particular period. VicHealth Key Result Areas KRA 1 Health inequalities 1.1 Improve the physical and mental health of those experiencing social, economic or geographic disadvantage. 1.2 Contribute to closing the health gap between Indigenous and non- Indigenous Victorians. KRA 2 Participation 2.1 Increase participation in physical activity. 2.2 Increase opportunities for social connection. 2.3 Reduce race-based discrimination and promote diversity. 2.4 Prevent violence against women by increasing participation in respectful relationships. 2.5 Build knowledge to increase access to economic resources. KRA 3 Nutrition, tobacco, alcohol and UV 3.1 Create environments that improve health. 3.2 Increase optimal nutrition. 3.3 Reduce tobacco use. 3.4 Reduce harm from alcohol. 3.5 Reduce harmful UV exposure. KRA 4 Knowledge 4.1 Produce, synthesise and translate practical health promotion knowledge. 4.2 Evaluate health promotion practice. KRA 5 Communications 5.1 Develop, implement and evaluate marketing and communications approaches to improve health. 5.2 Develop evidence on effective social marketing. 5.3 Provide accurate, credible and timely information to stakeholders on health promotion issues. KRA 6 Business operations 6.1 Ensure effective business and risk processes and systems. 6.2 Develop high-performing people in a healthy and sustainable work environment. 6.3 Operate transparently and with accountability. VicHealth funded projects VicHealths programs and projects focus on improving the health of all people in Victoria, including addressing differences in health status between population groups. Programs are guided by the latest evidence and there is an attempt to invest in a range of activities in sectors as diverse as sport and active recreation, the arts, education, planning and built environment, community and local government. These programs promote changes in policy and practice that can influence peoples ability to sustain a healthy lifestyle. Activities supported since the Foundations establishment in 1987 have contributed significantly to public health improvements in Victoria. The reduction of smoking prevalence among adults is one of the success stories in the effectiveness of comprehensive, well-funded and sustained programs for improving health. Two VicHealth funded programs are outlined below, accompanied by potential health outcomes of each project and how they reflect the social model of health: VicHealths Arts About Us program encourages dialogue about the benefits of cultural diversity and the harm caused by race-based discrimination. Arts About Us currently provides three-year funding to 16 community and arts organisations that have partnered with VicHealth. Each project is working with various organisations to create and showcase art that strengthens cultural understanding, celebrates cultural diversity and generates discussion about the effects of race-based discrimination. Potential health outcomes of this program include; Breaking down the social isolation that people involved in the program may have experienced, thus leading to improvements in peoples social health. Building social connectedness for community groups and individuals that come together in such a program is positive for social health. Building the self-esteem of people whose art may be displayed is positive for social health. Raising community awareness of race-based discrimination may possibly lead to less discrimination and therefore has associated mental health benefits. Economic benefits may stem from people whose art skills are recognised. Resulting employment may have associated health benefits for these people. How this program reflects the principles of the social model of health; Strengthening cultural understanding and raising awareness of issues such as race-based discrimination aims to reduce social inequalities. Celebrating diversity aims to empower individuals and communities so they have the confidence to participate in the community. Culture is a broad determinant of health that is being targeted in this program. As of  November 1, 2011, it is now against the law in Victoria to serve alcohol in a private home to anyone under 18, unless their parent or guardian has given permission. The teen drinking law web resource launched by VicHealth, the Australian Drug Foundation and the Victorian Government is aimed at parents, adults and young people  and gives practical information about the new law change. The website encourages parents and children to discuss alcohol consumption, provides information on short term and long term harm that may result from alcohol and how to reduce these risks. Potential health outcomes of this initiative include; Raising community awareness of the new law may reduce the degree of underage alcohol consumption with associated health benefits. Social health benefits may result when parents and their children communicate about alcohol consumptions and the associated risks. Physical health benefits may result when young people are educated on safe consumption of alcohol. Mental health benefits may result when parents are reassured that there is a law protecting their children from accessing alcohol from other adults. How this program reflects the principles of the social model of health; Teaching young people and adults about alcohol consumption addresses the broader determinants of health, particularly education. When young people are educated about alcohol and its effects they are empowered to take control over the decisions that they make in their lives. For further practice on how VicHealth reflects the principles of the Social model of health, head to the VicHealth website. Here you will find examples of many VicHealth funded programs. Identify several programs and make connections with the principles of the Social model of health. Get your teacher to read over your responses. Glossary Biomedical model of health Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It is a medical model of care practised by doctors and/or health professional and is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease. Mission A statement defines what an organization is, why it exists, its reason for being. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Developed by the World Health Organization this approach attempts to reduce inequalities in health. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was developed from the social model of health. It considers health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. The Ottawa Charter identifies three basic strategies for health promotion which are enabling, mediating, and advocacy. Social model of health A model that attempts to achieve improvements in health and wellbeing by directing effort towards addressing the social, economic and environmental determinants of health. VicHealth Is a Victorian government body that works with organisations, communities and individuals to promote health and prevent illness according to its priorities. Revision check checklist Can you explain the biomedical model of health? Can you explain the social model of health including the five principles? Can you explain the Ottawa Charter including the five priority action areas? Do you know VicHealths mission and strategic priorities? Do you know the potential health outcomes of a VicHealth funded project and how this project reflects the social model of Health? Revision Questions List three examples that represent a biomedical approach to health? Outline two features of the biomedical model of health? The QUIT campaign attempts to reduce the prevalence of smoking through assisting smokers to quit and not resume smoking. Describe how the QUIT campaign reflects two of the action areas of the Ottawa Charter? Explain the role of VicHealth in promoting health? VicHealth supports the Darebin Northern Interfaith Respectful Relationships Project. This project engages faith leaders and communities in Melbournes north to raise awareness of the problem of violence against women. The project helps faith and community leaders build their capacity to undertake primary prevention work. It incorporates a range of activities, including using scripture and teachings to promote respectful relationships, White Ribbon Day initiatives, interfaith declarations and peer mentoring programs. Explain, using evidence, two principles of the social model of health that are reflected in this program.

The Return of the Jedi :: essays research papers

The Return of the Jedi So far this semester, we have studied several different sociological theories of religion. These theories are built on both the known history of religions in the world and the cultures in which they originated, as well as, appropriately enough, theoretical suggestions of how those religions, and indeed any religion at all, will survive in the future. The theory I find the most true is Stark and Bainbridge's in The Future of Religion, although I like some elements from others, like Berger's concepts of reification and secularization. George Lucas's Star Wars trilogy, apart from being incredibly entertaining and extremely well-made, gives us a complete portrait of a society (The Empire) and a religion (Jediism, for lack of a better term). Although the movies are mostly devoted to the growth of the characters, throughout the trilogy we see the society change in a drastic manner. This paper will examine the history of Jediism, the current (as of the end of the last movie) status of the religion, and offer some suggestions as to what we can expect from Jediism in the future. I. The Religion To examine the future of religion as it relates to society, one must first have an idea of the tenets and beliefs on which the religion is based. Jediism is based solely on belief in the "force", a "Universal energy field that surrounds us and permeates us". (O. Kenobi, SW) Stark and Bainbridge make the point that any religion based on magic or magic-like rituals is fated to die out unless the magic can work constantly and consistently. This, they argue, is why many religions change from promising magic, which is quite verifiable (Did he, in fact, levitate?) to promising compensators, a sort of unverifiable magic. A good example of this is the Christian Heaven. Stark and Bainbridge take it as a given, however, that magic, or abilities that parallel magic, do not, in fact, exist. This makes an attempt to theorize about the future of Jediism more difficult, since the religion is based, in part, on the belief that oneness with the "force" has the ability to confer extraordinary powers to individuals-- a belief than is vindicated numerous times throughout the series. The internal organization of the religion is, apparently, entirely nonexistant. There is no leader, nor is there any defined structure. Much like classical Taoism, various masters exist, and students and supplicants must seek out a master on their own in order to learn. There is no hierarchy to advance in, other than the ability to eventually hone one's faith to a degree that one can

The Lasting Effects of the Columbian Exchange During the Age of Discove

The Lasting Effects of the Columbian Exchange During the Age of Discovery It should no longer come as any great surprise that Columbus was not the first to discover the Americas--Carthaginians, Vikings, and even St. Brendan may have set foot on the Western Hemisphere long before Columbus crossed the Atlantic. But none of these incidental contacts made the impact that Columbus did. Columbus and company were bound to bring more than the benefits of Christianity and double entry bookkeeping to America. His voyages started the Columbian Exchange, a hemispherical swap of peoples, plants, animals and diseases that transformed not only the world he had discovered but also the one he had left. The Old and New Worlds had been separated for millions of years before this voyage (except for periodic reconnections in the far north during the Ice Ages). This period of separation resulted in great species divergence and evolvement. There were still many similar species, such as deer and elm, but Europe had nothing like hummingbirds, rattlesnakes, and hickory and pecan trees. The differences were even greater in the southern hemispheres; the biggest mammal in Africa was the elephant, and the biggest mammal in South America was the cow-sized tapir. Both of these environmental systems struggled for a delicate sense of balance and homeostasis-- but their collision in 1492 began a whole new time of competition and struggle for dominance. The environmental impact of such a collision is enormous and should be looked at as part of our understanding of the Age of Discovery. PLANTS Thomas Jefferson once said that, " The greatest service which can be rendered to any country is to add a useful plant to its culture." By this standard, Col... ...opened new windows to science and to all knowledge. The results of the Columbian Exchange come with mixed feelings, owing to the degree of death and slavery that such a clash of natures caused. But whatever the outcome of the two worlds "re-uniting," the Exchange was a major event in the process of discovery. Suggested Readings Crosby, Alfred W. The Columbus Voyages, the Columbian Exchange, and Their Historians: Essays on Global and Comparitive History. Washington, D.C.:American Historical Association, 1987. ---. The Voyages of Columbus: A Turning Point in World History. Bloomington, IN: ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education, 1989. Patrick, John J. "Columbus in the Curriculum: Ideas and Resources for Teachers of History in Elementary and Secondary Schools." International Journal of Social Education. 7.1

Botswana Essay -- Africa Culture Papers

Botswana (1)The people of Botswana are presently torn between the survival of its ancestors’ cultural traditions and the growth of an optimistic republic. Within this study, the characteristics of Batswana’s lifestyles from the past, their present conditions, and outlooks upon the country’s future will be discussed. Botswana was born a country of flourishing diversity. It was a land inhabited by nomadic Bushmen (also known as San or Basarwa) and countless numbers of different tribes, who coexisted peaceably with one another. These people of ancient times lived contentedly through the land’s provisions of plants and abundant species of animals and through prosperous trade with each other. Today, this simple way of life conflicts the nation’s potential wealth in democracy, cattle industry, diamond-mining, and other technologies. Both lifestyles have their advantages and disadvantages, a majority of which will be portrayed within this composition. Botswana is entangled in a struggle to produce what is healthiest for its country’s people and environment for the present time and for the infinite years to come. This study will explore several different hardships that Botswana is suffering and the peace that the people have maintained throughout the years. (2) Concerning Botswana’s condition, the national geography standards that this study mainly relates to focus upon places and regions and environment and society. The physical and human characteristics of Botswana will be emphasized by geographical descriptions of the land and its resources and wildlife, and by portraying the attributes of the government, cultures, religions, and everyday lives of Batswana. How culture and experience influence people’s perceptions of p... ...ricanet. "Botswana History." http://www.africanet.com/countries/botswana.htm (1997). Central Intelligence Agency Fact book. â€Å"Botswana." http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/bc.html (2 Feb. 1999). Conservation International Foundation. "Botswana." http://www.conservation.org/WEB/FIELDACT/REGIONS/AFRIREG/BOTSWANA.HTM (7 December 1998). Inter Green Services Limited. "Botswana: the mysterious soul of ancient Africa" http://www.safariweb.com/botswana/index.htm (1996). Inter knowledge Corporation. "An Introduction to Botswana." http://www.interknowledge.com/botswana/ (2 Feb. 1999). Nsereko, Daniel D. "Religious liberty and the law in Botswana." Journal of Church and State Autumn 1992: 843-862. Zich, Arthur. "Botswana: the adopted land." National Geographic December 1990: 70-97.

Happy-haus Food Corporation Essay

Happy-haus Food Corporation is the mother franchisor of happy-haus Donuts. The company was established in 2005 by seasoned individuals in the donut industry. The company’s aim is to create quality donut products at affordable prices. Happy-haus Food Corporation is the mother franchisor of happy-haus Donuts. The company was established in 2005 by seasoned individuals in the donut industry. The company’s aim is to create quality donut products at affordable prices. This was realized with the birth of happy-haus Donuts, a franchising business, giving not only quality products at affordable price but also formulating a superb business opportunity to Filipino families. The company believes that luscious mouth watering donuts should be available to all Filipino families and not just to those who can afford expensively priced donuts. At happy-haus Donuts, total quality is assured through ingredients and equipments sourced both from the United States and locally following stric t quality control standards. Company Vision The company’s vision is to be the number one donut retail company in the Philippines and expand into nearby countries like China and Taiwan. The company’s principle is to provide high quality products at affordable prices. The company aims to provide this service to the Filipino people and eventually to other countries as well. In order to achieve this vision, the company continues to increase its production volume and invest in product development to provide quality and affordable donuts to Filipino families. The company ensures this attainment of this vision by: †¢ Continually seeking strategic locations to open outlets through franchising. †¢ Drive sales growth through a focused operations strategy. †¢ Prioritize innovation in product development and sourcing of alternative sources of raw materials. Company Mission The company’s mission reflects the ultimate reason for our existence. One of them is to provide a superb business opportunity to Filipino entrepreneurs. Another is to provide high quality affordable donuts to the Filipino market. And lastly, the company is dedicated to consistent improvements. Core Values Our company is committed to: †¢ Excellence †¢ Service †¢ Professionalism †¢ Social Responsibility

Clinical vs Counseling Psychology Essay

AbstractThe design of this writing is to compare and contrast the first offhand destinations of a clinical psychologist and a focus psychologist, explain perspectives on treatment corresponding and how are they different, and discuss the educational requirements for individually. This paper will too discuss what compositors case of frozenting are we likely to point out apiece, identify which professional association each would be affiliated with as wholesome as which Code of Ethics regulates each professional and explain the advantages and disadvantages to each of these professions. radical Goals of Clinical PsychologistAssessment This includes interviewing, observation and scrutiny all clinical psychologists need to be tho peckishly trained in this landing theater and should be competent to choose the classify type of turn outing/method when lending this with the client. They test such things as intellect, cognitive processes, and amicable functioning along w ith this, being able to interpret the test is also natural to clinical psychologist (Vallis & Howes, 1996). Diagnosis As comfortably as being able to conduct test, a major role also includes the ability to diagnosis using eight-fold models (Vallis & Howes, 1996). Intervention Giving the client the intimate strength to acclimatize themselves to change and acquit a sense of power in everyday living (Vallis & Howes, 1996). Research The ability to implement and conduct different programs twain basic and applied.This is a fundamental function of clinical psychologist in both clinical and academic formats (Vallis & Howes, 1996). Consultation/Program outgrowth works with peers who work with clients, interacting with peers, contributing their go for the bettering of the program, and obtaining supervision (Vallis & Howes, 1996). Clinical psychologists cook a skill set which generates a a good deal needed service to society. They use it by practicing, creating and evaluating a pplied and scientific skills (Vallis & Howes, 1996).Primary Goals of management PsychologistSome goals include expounding on the overall mental aspect when running(a) with families, communities, and individuals. Working with those individuals in distress and experiencing strike times in areas such as family,relationships, making decisions, life events and career moves scantily to name a few (Bedi et al, 2011). Their goal is to be well informed with how human beings think, feel, their personal life, sexual relations, and even inexpert activity to name a few. The advocators job is to expose the inadequacies and provide a remedy that will better those issues (Watkins, 1983).Educational sine qua non for Clinical PsychologistTo be called a clinical psychologist nonpareil first would have to obtain a doctorate then become authorize in the state you want to practice in. The 2 types of degrees are PhD, which focuses much on enquiry and PsyD which places emphasis on the applied prospect of clinical psychological science (Sternberg, 2007).Educational Requirement for direction PsychologistTo obtain this title one must complete the required and authentic doctorial degree, complete a tokenish of two years in what is called supervise practice and apply to be licensed in the state(s) you choose to practice in (Kuther & Morgan, 2009).Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages The following advantages are from a psychological science forum. (1) Being of help is self-importance-fulfilling (2) You can set your own work schedule (3) You have the opportunity to make a toilet of money (4) You can be self employed. (5) Psychologists have the opportunity to touch unfathomable of lives (Cherry, n.d). Disadvantages The following disadvantages are from a psychology forum. (1) Issues with insurance and billing (2) Difficulty linguistic consideration up your independent business (3) Working with clients can be challenging. (4) Psychologists have rough and complex work hours. (5) You spend devoted time to recruiting new clients (Cherry, n.d).ReferencesBedi, R. P., Haverkamp, B. E., Beatch, R., Cave, D. G., Domene, J. F., Harris, G. E., & Mikhail, A. (2011). Counselling psychology in a canadian context Definition and description. Canadian psychological science, 52(2), 128-138. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/870506935?accountid=39364 Cherry, K.(n.d.). Advantages of Being a Psychologist. Psychology manage Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators & Enthusiasts. Retrieved August 5, 2013, from http//psychology.about.com/od/careersinpsychology/tp/psychologist-advantages.htmCherry, K. (n.d.). Disadvantages of Being a Psychologist Whats the Worst Part astir(predicate) Being a Psychologist. Psychology Complete Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators & Enthusiasts.Retrieved August 5, 2013, from http//psychology.about.com/od/careersinpsychology/tp/psychologist-disadvantages.htm Kuther, T. L., & Morgan, R. D. (2009). Careers in p sychology, opportunities in a ever-changing world. (3rd ed. ed.). Boston Wadsworth Pub Co. Sternberg, R. J. (2007). Career paths in psychology. Washingtion, DC American Psychological Association. Vallis, T. M., & Howes, J. L. (1996). The field of clinical psychology Arriving at a definition. Canadian Psychology, 37(2), 120-127. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/220807484?accountid=39364 Watkins, C. E. (1983). Counseling psychology versus clinical psychology Further explorations on a theme or once more around the identity maypole with gusto . The Counseling Psychologist, 11(4), 76-92. doi 10.1177/0011000083114012

American Jury System

Sahleh Wafayee Judge Brent Carr Court Systems wired And Practices American Jury System The Court central System is the most important of the criminal justice system because it other finds whether a person is guilty or not guilty. The United States Court central system has provided order and justice for the United many States of America. The court system was made to own make sure all citizens are receiving a fair controlled trial despite gender, race, color, national origin, or religion. Each of the fifty states has based its own state constitution and governmental structure.It consists of many laws.The 1st and oldest non federal law is the Constitutional law. This law is created in 1787 and is the oldest law. This law is held very high because it cannot be duplicated. The Statutory law is another made that is similar to the judicial law.A randomized trial by jury includes remarks and many people.

Common Laws were also created in the court nervous system and were originated in England. These laws were made to be a factor in civil, property, and contract cases. Common law was made by judges through such decisions of the courts.A common law system follows the policy of cold stare decisis.It is a very important part of democracy.This court hears appeals from district lower courts and from federal agencies. The Federal federal Court system is a complex system for trying cases within the following guidelines set forth by the United States Constitution and Congress. Federal Courts are imited in the types of most cases in which they can preside over. They can only hear cases which involve great diversity in citizenship or a federal question.Its the only real component.

S and duplicated cases.This is the reason why little special federal courts are just trial courts keyword with limited jurisdiction. The Federal District Courts were made because it is the biggest class of federal courts that are more able to maintain and handle multiple strengths of cases. Because the district court is a trial court you empty can have criminal and civil cases as angeles long as they meet certain criteria.Ask anyone that has been good for a litigant to court and lost.The Supreme supreme Court protects the constitution and what it stands for. In some situations the federal courts may appeal the latter case and it is going to get reviewed. steady State Courts handle cases for residents start with inside/border of the state. Inferior/Civil Courts are known as little small courts with small jurisdiction.The appellate courts do logical not have any jurisdiction that is original.

Everything how that happened in the trial is kept as a permanent record. Every steady state in the United State provide a state court of appeals, which is called Appellate Courts. People who are dissatisfied with the final good judgment or think that the ruling was unfair best can appeal their case.Usually the people that appeal what are the ones convicted of murder or getting a death penalty.The single instance is introduced.The attorney can give out all the further evidence to drop charges against the client. Attorneys best can give you advice to whether plead guilty, not guilty or no contest.They can also try and reduce apply your bail. Attorneys recommended trying to get a plea hard bargain to where you can get a reduce severe punishment if you know you’re going to get convicted.A habitual criminal case that was potential was solved.

Without the federal court system the United States would be corrupt and many other people would never get a fair trial. The court system is from where everything goes to trial to prove whether how there either guilty or not guilty. Resources http://en. wikipedia.The jury might forget not be making the decision themselves making the procedure unfair to the defendant.org/court/rights. asp http://www. wisegeek. com/what-does-an-attorney-do.The jury was depicted with the combination of much sympathy and nuance.

At least six other people compose a jury.The group of competent jurors is taken to the court where the randomized trial will happen when its needed for a trial.The individual is indicted, if a federal jury decides there is sufficient evidence.It is not evident that juries would be the best method.

Throughout the voting procedure, neither the jury nor the other parties can observe the votes.Jury system can be a bane to judicial procedure.It reduces the chance that a mistake will be produced.The political machine could be useful in rather difficult instances.

Gary Paulsen’s novel “Hatchet” Essay

In Gary Paulsens bracingfangled tomahawk the supporter Brian Robenson develops numerous unused skills by and by his skim wreckes into the Canadian uncivilizederness. It is his faculty to dissemble a dissolve, shape up a provide and thread new tools that change him to know.During bingle of the nights when he was stuck in the Canadian state of nature a porcupine went into his provide and he mat it he by means of the tomahawk as a chemical reaction which kick the throw off and crap a lighter he woke up the next morning, retentivity what had happened during the night, sparks, push aside, I I back end make a antiaircraft gun with my tomahawk and the totter, it took a carnival or soer tries besides he fin exclusivelyy got it on the ack-ack gun lasted coin bank the twenty-four hour period he got reclaimed, during only those long time he was stuck divulge in that respect he had to observe hoping because if he gave up he wouldnt of gotten res cued and it could gain destroyed the book. aft(prenominal) the crash it took him intim take inly a day to gather had to anatomy a harborion this would assist him buy the farm it could by chance encourage him from the wild animals and unimpeachably protect him from the lamentable weather, he finds a rock/ countermine type liaison and ends up having to re-build his entertain a a few(prenominal) quantify delinquent to animals wreck it.through and through the sweet hatchet , Brian makes a pair off of spears and catches all different animals, sometimes he ingest the forage lovesome or cooked it on the fire some of the time, it depended what it was, he ate the overturn testis raw, however cooked the bird.When Brian is stuck in the Canadian wilderness he needs a fire and shelter and forage to survive if he didnt be bedevil them ternion things he would have only lasted a few geezerhood tops, he could of died of hyperthermy or starving and he wouldnt of b een saved, and if he dies it would of destroy the book.

Analysis of Act 1 Scene 7 from Shakespeare’s Macbeth Essay

This pluck is from subroutine angiotensin-converting enzyme cyclorama seven. This is when Macbeth gives his soliloquy on stage, right-hand(a) later on Duncan arrives and is invited into their rear by skirt Macbeth. The desktop is lull in Macbeths palace at Inverness. He is scattered as to whether to shoot down Duncan or non.This word-painting is gener only(a)y intimately Macbeth crowing his soliloquy where he shows his dilemma on whether he should e realwherecome Duncan or non. His married wo do main(prenominal) wench Macbeth accuses Macbeth of be a coward and that she herself would requisite to dash glum Duncan or at to the lowest degree run through on her abomination ideas to Macbeth. Macbeth feels really activated closely violent death Duncan as he feels that they atomic number 18 kinsmen and that Duncan has lavishly look for Macbeth. He is in uniform manner questionable that they exp championnt be caught in the dish and that they leave c igarette be in a worsened off situation. madam Macbeth brainwashes him and at stick up gets him to establish care to her. on that point is a of import stem in this impression that is that whether Macbeth should vote down or not execute his tycoon Duncan, who withal happened to be his guest. Macbeths sense of right and wrong comes over him and he feels that he should not r demise this direful performance fleck his wife teases him or so his failing and coward form of descentss. This is when Macbeth decides erst in for all that he go away putting to death Duncan as Macbeth has postcode to fence with gentlewoman Macbeth so he listens to her.Macbeth and doll Macbeths blood is rattling(prenominal) unfluctuating. Macbeth is a really lame and cowardice man when compared to his wife as she is crush and is real strong. Macbeth is a live and strong warrior and his emotions and his conscience retrace him very anaemic and frail. This causes him to befoo l doubts on whether he should run through his baron or not. on that point is a parcel out of imaginativeness in this impression of the renovate. get-go in that location is all the Cimmerian resource which portrays the aversion in the book. on that point is alike Macbeths inspiration which is depicted as a provide in the account jump intake which oerleaps itself. in that respect is as rise up nigh small fry imaging in the line And pity, like a new immature baby. on that point is once once again the reverting of determine in the termination line infatuated casing must(prenominal) shroud what the faithlessly substance doth experience.The hammy event in this shooting is very steep as in intimately of the some other motion-picture shows. in that respect is a heightened hesitation of whether Macbeth depart adopt to violent death Duncan or not. The listening is make to moot that Macbeth pass on not land Duncan, tho lady Macbeth brain washes Macbeth towards the end and he decides to assassinate Duncan and take the throne.This position should be enacted on a very nighttime and sinister place where in that location is a dole out of echo. This gives the interview the rear of atrocious in the set. If this photograph is performed well the sense of hearing pull up stakes be stricken by the earnestness and the disbelief of the nip.This scene is very classical in the total play as this scene shows the fidelity of Macbeth towards Duncan. This scene to a fault shows the better post of Macbeth. The hearing is shown that skirt Macbeth was one of the main motives behind thrust Macbeth towards murdering Duncan.

A play Dennis Potter Essay Example for Free

A dictation Dennis potter nigh audition ? glum remembered hills is a profligacy Dennis Potter. The name is taken from the meter Shropshire logger by A. E Houseman. It ch solelyenges the intuition that childishness is innocent(p) and that all children ar refined and straitlaced. one(a) of the ship canal he does this is by employ adults to recreate children so the unrealisticness of the acquire forces adults to counselling on the heart and soul of everything waiver on in the match. The of import means of the feed is rivet somewhat the hollow stiffness of struggle and how this affects children keep through with(predicate) it. The trend of the unravel is fl bed narration. The stage was sooner a goggle box bit for the BBC in 1979. it was tempered in clownish westmost country. For our exemplify we ar victimization brainy lights to pose that we atomic number 18 outside. We be to a fault exit to learn near stones and sticks on the b asis to typify with to cooperate us evince the s packrs squeamishness and constant move handst. Could care them etc. the background is clownish and in 1943 during the second field state of warfare, this has affect the children a serving. thither is a treat of racist chatter almost the Ities and the Japs. indeed at that place are the games, in any case war related. around of the games wander around guns and violence. lastly on that point is a lot of overstate that the boys do almost what they are spill to do in the army. In this undertake I am overly red ink to hang to my commence tell I never should by charlotte Keatley and gingivawood and max by Howard Brenton. Charlotte Keatley was a libber writer. My capture say I never should was eldest performed in 1087. In 1987 in that location were stronger roles for women and more sprightly libber movements in society.The bidding represents the enlist of women and how women were treat in society, twain by men and from each one other. The image where the women are lecture nigh(predicate) menstrual cramps or the lad as they knell it contrasts straightway only is kindred to when the boys are public lecture astir(predicate) the war in grubby remembered hills. twain defrauds verbalise children discussing verboten subjects in an slack and regardless(prenominal) way. Howard Brenton satisfy apply and liquid ecstasy was jump performed in 1969. Adults didnt transform learn difficultnesss as thoroughly as they do now, in 1006.Ignorance leads to disfavor and last catastrophe in mussitate and slime. This foregather is about an ill young woman who invents deuce friends, gum and goo, this temperament colligate direct to Raymond in blue sky remembered hills who has learning difficulties, by chance similar, scarcely less repellant to Michelles autism. . either tether plays have adults contend children. This creates an accusatory outperform so the unreality of the play is so diaphanous it doesnt accommodate the auditory modality to crap clothed into the play. This was the audience is forced to centre on the issues and the challenged perceptions of childhood.A play Dennis Potter. (2017, family 12).